MMM comes with a standard marker set. The marker placement here is only one of many possible combinations. In addition the framework provides mechanisms for defining custom marker sets in order to adapt and extend the predefined marker structure.

Standard MMM Marker Set

The following section will guide you how the standard marker set is beeing placed. Hereby it was attempted to keep the deviation to other known marker placements as small as possible.

Head

Head Marker Human / Model

LFHD

Left front head

Left forehead between os frontal and os parietale

RFHD

Right front head

Right forehead between os frontal and os parietale

LBHD

Left back head

In horizontal line to the left forehead marker

RBHD

Right back head

In horizontal line to the right forehead marker

Torso

Torso Marker Human

Torso Marker Model

CLAV

Clavicula

Between the two collar bones

STRN

Sternum

Base of the middle of the rip cage

C7

Vertebrae cervicales 7

Knob right where the back of the neck ends

T10

Vertebrae thoracicae 10

Count 10 vertebrae down from C7

L3

Vertebrae lumbales 3

Count 5 vertebrae down from L3

RBAK

Right back

Anti-symmetry inferior: bottom-center of the right shoulder blade

LBAK

Left back

Anti-symmetry inferior: top-center of the right shoulder blade

Arm

Arm Marker Human / Model

LSHO

Left shoulder

Acromio-clavicular joint

LUPA

Left upper arm

Anti-symmetry inferior : Upper arm, 2/3 distance between LAEL and LSHO, closer to LAEL

LAEL

Left arm epicondylus lateralis

epicondylus lateralis

LAOL

Left arm olecranon

olecranon

LFRA

Left forearm

Anti-symmetry inferior without fixed position

Right arm

RSHO

Right shoulder

Acromio-clavicular joint

RUPA

Right upper arm

Anti-symmetry inferior : Upper arm, 1/3 distance between RAEL and RSHO, closer to RSHO

RAEL

Right arm epicondylus lateralis

epicondylus lateralis

RAOL

Right arm olecranon

olecranon

RFRA

Right forearm

Anti-symmetry inferior without fixed position

Hand

Hand Marker Human / Model

LWTS

Left wrist thumb side

Proc. Styloideus (radius)

LWPS

Left wrist pinkie side

Proc. Styloideus (Ulna)

LHTS

Left hand thumb side

Base knuckle 2^nd finger

LHPS

Left hand pinkie side

Base knuckle 5^th finger

LIFD (LIFP)

Left index finger distalis

Top knuckle 2^nd finger

Right Hand

RWTS

Right wrist thumb side

Proc. Styloideus (radius)

RWPS

Right wrist pinkie side

Proc. Styloideus (Ulna)

RHTS

Right hand thumb side

Base knuckle 2^nd finger

RHPS

Right hand pinkie side

Base knuckle 5^th finger

RIFD (RIFP)

Right index finger distalis

Top knuckle 2^nd finger

Pelvis

Marker Pelvis / Legs Human / Model

LASI

Left ASIS

directly above spina iliaca anterior superior (left)

RASI

Right ASIS

directly above spina iliaca anterior superior (right)

LPSI

Left PSIS

directly above spina iliaca posterior superior (left)

RPSI

Right PSIS

directly above spina iliaca posterior superior (right)

LHIP

Left trochanter major

Left trochanter

RHIP

Right trochanter major

Right trochanter

Legs

LTHI

Left tight wand marker

Anti-symmetry inferior: Thigh, 2/3 distance between LHIP and LKNE, closer to LKNE

RTHI

Right tight wand marker

Anti-symmetry inferior: Thigh, 1/3 distance between RHIP and RKNE, closer to RHIP

LKNE

Left Knee

Joint center left knee

RKNE

Right Knee

Joint center right knee

RTIB

Right Tibia

Anti-symmetry inferior: without fixed position

LTIB

Left Tibia

Anti-symmetry inferior: without fixed position

LANK

Left ancle

Below the left ancle

RANK

Right ancle

Below the right ancle

Feet

Ilustration of the %MMM framework

LHEE

Left Heel

Center of left heel

RHEE

Right Heel

Center of right heel

LTOE

Left Toe

Phalanges distales I

RTOE

Right Toe

Phalanges distales I

RMT1

Right Matatarsal 1

Base knuckle 1^st toe

LMT1

Left Matatarsal 1

Base knuckle 1^st toe

RMT5

Right Matatarsal 5

Base knuckle 5^nd toe

LMT5

Left Matatarsal 5